Liturgi

Liturgipreferanser og -diskusjoner i et nytt lys

Fr. Hunwicke skriver på sin blogg om hvordan det ble oppfattet på 60- og 70-tallet å ønske å beholde Kirkens gamle liturgiske tradisjon. Da ble man regnet som (gammeldags og) illojal:

Here was the Holy See making liturgical enactments by mandate of an Ecumenical Council: what more could anyone want in terms of authoritative teaching about the meaning of the Church’s rites? If one dissented, was one not dissenting from the direction in which the Holy Spirit was leading the whole (Roman Rite) Church? Surely, one was dissenting from the mind of the Holy Father, from the Bishop of Rome who, surely had to be the normative authority about the rite of his own Church? Dissent from the old rite had now – surely – become privileged; dissent from the new rite had become inherently dubious, a sign of disloyalty.

Men nå, ved pave Benedikts to dokumenter om den tradisjonelle messen/ liturgien, er dette blitt fullstenig forandret; kjemper man for det gamle, har man støtte fra høyeste hold i Kirken:

At a stroke, Summorum Pontificum/ Universae Ecclesiae changed all this. We now had two forms of the Roman Rite «one alongside the other» (qui ad invicem iuxta ponuntur). Thereby we were authoritatively given, in areas where the two rites and their accompanying liturgical cultures happen to be at odds, what I would like to call Symmetry of Dissent. It is now no more ‘disloyal’ or ‘contrary to the mind of the Church’ to evaluate critically the OF and its culture than it is to criticise the EF and its culture. Such critical evaluation, it goes without saying, ought to be done – in each case – with a humble recognition of one’s own fallibility, and with a charitable instinct not to hurt fellow Christians whose faith in the living Lord is fed from different sources than those which nourish one’s own. It is right that those who enthusiastically favour the EF, and who feel a certain triumphalist joy about Pope Benedict’s liturgical legislation, should if necessary be reminded of this. However, I do not always sense an awareness that those, too, whose orientation differs from the OF, have a right to be treated with a similarly charitable exercise of the acceptance of diversity. …

Interessant diskusjon om den nye engelske oversettelsen av messen

Den tidligere engelske oversettelsen av messener (som mange nå bør vite) svært unøyaktig, 11,254 ganger i ulike bønner er «Allmelktige, evige Gud» (eller tilsvarende) oversatt med «Father». Man syntes visst i 1970 at en slik oversettelse var mer teologisk korrekt. (!) På tross av feielene ved den gamle oversettelsen, hisser noen prester og andre seg fryktelig opp over oversettelsen som skal innføres i hele verden ved starten av advent i år. Bloggen praytellblogg.com har et nytt innlegg om dette – men mange interessante kommentarer.

Innlegget over refererer til et møte holdt i Irland sist uke, der litt over 100 prester og lekfolk diskuterte (helt desperat syns jeg) hvordan de skulle kunne unngå å bruke den nye oversettelsen senere i år. Et innledningsforedrag denne dagen viser at protestene i svært stor grad er ideologisk og ikke språklige:

… (a female theologian) spoke for about 10 minutes. She called attention to a number of particularly historical moments in the life of the Catholic Church since the Second Vatican Council. The first was the way that the Encyclical Humanae Vitae was implemented and, especially, the treatment which was meted out to those who raised questions about it. The second was the refusal of the Catholic Church in Ireland and right around the world, to face up to the clerical abuse scandals in the 1970s and the 1980s. The third moment she highlighted was the Apostolic Letter of Pope John |Paul II – Ordinatio Sacerdotalis in which he stated that women could not be ordained to the priesthood.

The fourth moment was the imposition of translation of the new Missal without adequate consultation.

She identified two elements which are common in all of these moments. First, an unwillingness on the part of Church leaders to believe that they can err, despite numerous examples in history. Second, a belief, that despite the teaching of Vatican II, all competence for administration within the Church is vested in one person – the Pope. …

Godt hyrdebrev av de engelske, katolske biskopene

William Oddie likte svært godt det hyrdebrevet de engelske, katolske biskopene lot les i alle kirker nylig: «The most remarkable thing of all, perhaps, apart from the fact that it was from all the bishops, not just our own diocesan, was that it held the attention from beginning to end. It said something real: there wasn’t a platitude in it. It was short (some pastoral letters do drone on a bit) and it was very important indeed.»

Brevet handlet mest om den nye engelske oversettelsen av messen – innføringen av denne over hele verden i løpet av neste halvår er virkelig en revolusjon. Oddie mener det er bemerkeslesverdig at biskopene innrømmer feilene ved den gamle oversettelsen så tydelig som de nå gjør:

… The bishops are saying that the “style of language and expression” of the Mass we now have doesn’t itself draw us into the transcendent and divine. That’s not to say that during Mass we aren’t so drawn: but that’s because, for all its failings, the Novus Ordo in English is still a valid Mass; we know that and so can be drawn into its reality, the reality that because of the celebration we are attending we will truly receive Christ’s Body and Precious Blood.

But the language that contains this reality has not been worthy of it. And there has been a very good reason for that: its intention was precisely not to draw us into the transcendent and the divine. Why? Because the underlying intention of the translators was deeply corrupted …

Oddie nevner også andre feil ved den tidligere oversettelsen:

… These texts, as Fr (now Mgr) Bruce Harbert put it, “repeatedly overestimate the value of human effort and undervalue the role of divine grace in human life, … (the) .. tendency in the old translation was in its inclination to remove any sign of humility before God. “Lord”, wherever possible was suppressed, often replaced by “Father”. Any note of supplication tended to be downplayed; all this, Mgr Harbert said – in an article for the Catholic Herald I asked him to write, years before work began on the new translation, as it turned out under his supervision (Deo Gratias!) – would have to be reversed. He gave as an example “the somewhat peremptory words ‘And so, Father, we bring you these gifts. We ask you to make them holy by the power of your spirit’.’” In the new translation this appears as “Therefore, O Lord, we humbly implore you: by the same Spirit graciously make holy these gifts we have brought to you for consecration”. The old immanentist cockiness has been extirpated; humility before a transcendent God has been restored.

Intervju med Martin Mosebach om liturgien – på tysk

Under kan man se og høre tre deler av et interessant foredrag med Martin Mosebach om den tradisjonelle messen – fra vinteren 2009, så langt jeg kan se. (Mange er ikke så sterke i tysk, men man kan gjøre et forsøk – selv må jeg konsentrere meg en hel del, men da forstår jeg det meste.)

Die Alte Messe ist eine Messe für Konvertiten

Die Alte Messe braucht Übung

Die Liturgie baut sich ihren Raum

Om å ta hostier fra tabernakelet til kommunion

Fr Hunwicke skrev for noen dager siden om tradisjonen med å dele ut kommunion fra hostier konsekrert i samme messe, eller å dele ut hostier fra tidligere messer – fra ciboriet i tabernakelet. Som hovedregel har jeg alltid gitt de troende hostier fra min egen messe; i små hverdagsmesser legger jeg noen (5-15) ekstra hostier på patenaen (i den tradisjonelle messen legges disse på selve korporalet), ved litt større messer bruker jeg et ekstra ciborium – og ved store søndagsmesser har jeg oftest to ciborier på alteret pluss at jeg bruker ciboriet i tabernakelet. Jeg ser det som en dårlig vane (eller latskap) å ikke gjøre det på den måte (unntaket for meg er når det er for mange hostier i tabernakelet), selv om Fr. Hunwicke også nevner noen gode grunner: 1) Å bruke noen få hostier fra andre messer i spesielle messer (også pavemesser) ble gjort for å vise vår felles kommunion, 2) og noen svært moderne katolikker som ser på messen bare som et (lokalt) måltid, må gjerne få demonstrert det mottsatte.

Messens regler i dag sier at man helst skal bruke hostier fra samme messe i kommunionen, men også Pius XII og Benedikt XIV (1740-58 – les om ham på engelsk) tar også opp dette spørsmålet. Under tar jeg med noen sitater fra Pius XIIs Mediator Dei, der han siterer Benedikt XIV og bl.a. sier:

118. But the desire of Mother Church does not stop here. For since by feasting upon the bread of angels we can by a «sacramental» communion, as we have already said, also become partakers of the sacrifice, she repeats the invitation to all her children individually, «Take and eat. . . Do this in memory of Me» so that «we may continually experience within us the fruit of our redemption» in a more efficacious manner. For this reason the Council of Trent, reechoing, as it were, the invitation of Christ and His immaculate Spouse, has earnestly exhorted «the faithful when they attend Mass to communicate not only by a spiritual communion but also by a sacramental one, so that they may obtain more abundant fruit from this most holy sacrifice.» Moreover, our predecessor of immortal memory, Benedict XIV, wishing to emphasize and throw fuller light upon the truth that the faithful by receiving the Holy Eucharist become partakers of the divine sacrifice itself, praises the devotion of those who, when attending Mass, not only elicit a desire to receive holy communion but also want to be nourished by hosts consecrated during the Mass, even though, as he himself states, they really and truly take part in the sacrifice should they receive a host which has been duly consecrated at a previous Mass. He writes as follows: «And although in addition to those to whom the celebrant gives a portion of the Victim he himself has offered in the Mass, they also participate in the same sacrifice to whom a priest distributes the Blessed Sacrament that has been reserved; however, the Church has not for this reason ever forbidden, nor does she now forbid, a celebrant to satisfy the piety and just request of those who, when present at Mass, want to become partakers of the same sacrifice, because they likewise offer it after their own manner, nay more, she approves of it and desires that it should not be omitted and would reprehend those priests through whose fault and negligence this participation would be denied to the faithful.»

119. May God grant that all accept these invitations of the Church freely and with spontaneity. May He grant that they participate even every day, if possible, in the divine sacrifice, not only in a spiritual manner, but also by reception of the august sacrament, receiving the body of Jesus Christ which has been offered for all to the eternal Father. Arouse Venerable Brethren, in the hearts of those committed to your care, a great and insatiable hunger for Jesus Christ. Under your guidance let the children and youth crowd to the altar rails to offer themselves, their innocence and their works of zeal to the divine Redeemer. Let husbands and wives approach the holy table so that nourished on this food they may learn to make the children entrusted to them conformed to the mind and heart of Jesus Christ.

120. Let the workers be invited to partake of this sustaining and never failing nourishment that it may renew their strength and obtain for their labors an everlasting recompense in heaven; in a word, invite all men of whatever class and compel them to come in; since this is the bread of life which all require. The Church of Jesus Christ needs no other bread than this to satisfy fully our souls’ wants and desires, and to unite us in the most intimate union with Jesus Christ, to make us «one body,» to get us to live together as brothers who, breaking the same bread, sit down to the same heavenly table, to partake of the elixir of immortality.

121. Now it is very fitting, as the liturgy otherwise lays down, that the people receive holy communion after the priest has partaken of the divine repast upon the altar; and, as we have written above, they should be commended who, when present at Mass, receive hosts consecrated at the same Mass, so that it is actually verified, «that as many of us, as, at this altar, shall partake of and receive the most holy body and blood of thy Son, may be filled with every heavenly blessing and grace.»

122. Still sometimes there may be a reason, and that not infrequently, why holy communion should be distributed before or after Mass and even immediately after the priest receives the sacred species – and even though hosts consecrated at a previous Mass should be used. In these circumstances – as we have stated above – the people duly take part in the eucharistic sacrifice and not seldom they can in this way more conveniently receive holy communion. Still, though the Church with the kind heart of a mother strives to meet the spiritual needs of her children, they, for their part, should not readily neglect the directions of the liturgy and, as often as there is no reasonable difficulty, should aim that all their actions at the altar manifest more clearly the living unity of the Mystical Body. …

Slik er syndsbekjennelsen i den tradisjonelle messen

Jfr. sist innlegg om syndbekjennelsen (se her); slik er syndsbekjennelsen i den tradisjonelle latinske messen (her i norsk oversettelse). Man bøyer seg dypt når man sier den, presten sier den først og ministranten ber Gud miskunne seg over ham, deretter bekjenner ministranten/folket sine synder, presten ber Gud miskunne seg over dem og gir absolusjonen. Man bekjenner sine synder til Gud, til fem navngitte helgener og til alle, deretter ber man de samme fem helgener og alle om forbønn.

Denne syndsbekjennelse burde vi ha beholdt; jeg kan ikke se noe galt med den. (I Norge er vi tross alt heldige som nesten alltid bruker en nokså lik (litt forkortet) syndsbekjennelse, i flere andre land brukes bare de veldig minimalistiske alternativene.)

Jeg bekjenner for Gud den allmektige, den hl. Maria, alltid jomfru, den hl. erkeengel Mikael, den hl. Johannes døperen, de hl. apostler Peter og Paulus, alle hellige og for dere brødre (eller: deg fader), at jeg har syndet meget i tanker, ord og gjerninger: ved min skyld, ved min skyld, ved min store skyld. Derfor ber jeg den hl. Maria, alltid jomfru, den hl. erkeengel Mikael, den hl. Johannes døperen, de hl. apostler Peter og Paulus, alle hellige og dere brødre (eller: deg fader), be for meg til Herren vår Gud.

Den allmektige Gud miskunne seg over deg/dere, tilgi deg/dere dine/deres synder og føre deg/dere til det evige liv. Amen.

P. Den allmektige og nådefulle Gud + gi oss forlatelse og tilgivelse, og utslette våre synder. Amen.

Se dette også på latin, og i sin sammenheng HER.

Interessant om syndsbekjennelsen i den tradisjonelle latinske messen

Martin Mosebach skrev i januar i år et interessant stykke om hva som ble borte i messen syndsbekjennelse i 1970; at man ikke lenger bøyer seg, at prest og menighet ikke lenger bekjenner til hverandre, helgenene har nesten helt forsvunnet ut (nevnt 10 ganger før, mot én gang nå), den sakramentale absolusjonen (for venielle synger) er borte.

At man ikke skal bøye seg når man bekjenner sine synder virker nokså meningsløst, men det står jo ikke noe om hvordan hode eller kropp skal holdes, så jeg bøyer meg alltid (men bare halvparten så dypt som i den gamle messen). I min oppvekst i Den norske kirke var jo også nettopp her presten knelte foran alteret – det var en knelepute foran alteret bare for syndsbekjennelsen.

Les videre hva Mosebach skriver:

The reform of the liturgy did away with four characteristics of the old Confiteor prayer:
1 The profound bow in which he prayer was spoken;
2 The structure of the prayer as a dialogue between the priest and the congregation;
3 The invocation of various saints by name; and, finally,
4 The sacramental of absolution.

The profound bow is the oldest part of the prayer. In the early days of Christianity every mass began with the prostration. A person threw himself on the ground in order to approach oriental kings. The early Christians for this reason chose this most reverent form of showing devotion and subjection when they had to enter the presence of the God-man and His sacrifice. At first nothing was said. In the 8th century the custom arose of saying at this point during the prostration (which had gradually evolved into a deep bow) the confession of sins as it had been prescribed from the beginning for the start of the sacrificial rite of the New Testament.

The dialogue form of the Confiteor derives from the divine office of the monks. It was always exchanged between two neighbors in the choir stalls; one monk confessed his sins to the other – the other monk begged God’s mercy for him. In the pontifical solemn mass of the old rite this tradition is preserved; here the Confiteor is recited by two canons. This form sprang from the insight that most sins against God are at the same time sins against one’s neighbor too, that repentance must lead to reconciliation and that every man must rely on the prayer of others. In order to really acknowledge one’s guilt a listener is necessary. In order that, after the confession, the intercessory prayer of the listener may effectively develop the confessing party is obliged to keep silence. A further element of meaning was added as the relation between neighbors on a bench became a relationship between priest and congregation. …

The formula “indulgentiam” which follows the confession of sins and the petitions for forgiveness is an early formula for absolution. The sign of the cross which the priest makes while speaking this prayer has taken the place of imposition of hands. … In any case it is clear that the Church regarded the “indulgentiam” as a sacramental that absolves from venial sins. …

Deretter skriver Mosebach en hel del om helgennavnene som ble borte i syndsbekjennelsen – les hele stykket her.

Martin Mosebach uttaler seg igjen om liturgi, paven og den tradisjonelle messen

Martin Mosebach ble intervjuet i Die Welt 23. mai om Vatikanets nye dokument, som presiserer en del ting rundt feiringen av den tradisjonelle latinske messen. Intervjuet er nå oversatt til engelsk, slik at flere kan lese Mosebachs ganske «friske fraspark», som begynenr slik:

Four years ago, Pope Benedict XVI, against the opposition of the great majority in the Catholic Church, restored the old Latin liturgy to equality with the new vernacular form of the celebration of the mass, which had been mandated since 1969. … A week ago, the Vatican, in a papal letter, reaffirmed its determination of 2007 and clarified some disputed questions regarding its practical application. Martin Mosebach, the recipient of the Büchner prize, is one of the most fervent admirers and defenders of the old Liturgy.

Die Welt: In 2007, Pope Benedict XVI, in a special motu proprio, freed the ancient Gregorian liturgy for the Catholic Church. Why does the Vatican publish instructions four years later on how the will of the pope is to be implemented?

Martin Mosebach: The enemies of the great liturgical tradition of the Roman Church in many cases have not accepted the permission given to the Old Rite. They often tried to ignore the pope’s motu proprio and sought to maintain obstacles. They tried with bureaucratic methods to render ineffective the pope’s generosity. Therefore, the Vatican had to be clearer if it wanted to maintain the motu proprio.

Die Welt: The Instruction speaks of “two usages of the one Roman rite.” Doesn’t this open the door to a creeping new schism?

Martin Mosebach: There’s already a schism, not between supporters of the new and old rites, but between those Catholics who adhere to the old sacramental theology of the Church as was solemnly confirmed by Vatican II, and those who assert that Vatican II founded a new Church with a new theology and new sacraments. This latter doctrine has been diffused wholesale and against the better knowledge of its promoters, in the seminaries, universities and Catholic academies. This is what has fostered the danger of a schism.

Die Welt: “What was sacred for prior generations remains sacred and great also for us as well; it cannot be suddenly prohibited altogether or even judged harmful.” The Instruction cites here the pope. But wasn’t this the intention of the overwhelming majority of the Catholic bishops in the last 40 years?

Martin Mosebach: Yes, it is regrettably true that a not small part of the Catholic bishops, in a suicidal frenzy, attempted to separate from the Catholic Tradition and to cut the Church off from the source of her vitality. In the sentence you have cited, the pope has given them some tutoring in ecclesiology.

Die Welt: How can the Roman liturgy in the “usus antiquior “ be offered today “to all the faithful “ if only a fraction of the faithful understand Latin?

Martin Mosebach: At all times only a few Catholics have been able to follow the Latin Mass word for word. Europe looks back on well over a thousand years of glorious Catholic culture without the people being able to understand Latin. They understand something more important: that in the rite the Parousia – the mystic presence – of the Lord takes place. Without this understanding, a person has understood nothing of the Mass, even if he thinks he understands every word. Moreover, for a long time there have been wonderful bilingual missals with which we can pray the mass with the priest. But it is indeed correct: the Old Rite requires a certain effort, a readiness to learn.

Die Welt: And how will precisely the promotion of the “older” rite further “reconciliation within the Church” after it has led to so much conflict until now?

Martin Mosebach: The conflict essentially is due to the misunderstanding, so perilous for the Church, that Vatican II established a new Church. The struggle surrounding this misunderstanding must be endured to the end. Covering it up with peaceful phrases doesn’t help the Church.

Die Welt: Pastors are invited to show “a spirit of generous welcome” to groups of faithful who would like to celebrate the Old Mass in Latin. Isn’t this naïve after the last few decades, in which such faithful were considered hopelessly old-fashioned and retrograde?

Martin Mosebach: Indeed, the faithful, who have adhered to the Old Rite or have discovered it just recently, were reviled in manner that, I hope, is not revealing of the spiritual worth of the reform. ….

Et svært ubalansert program om den nye engelske oversettelsen av messen

Under kan man se et program fra Chicago (på 8 min.) om den nye engelske oversettelsen av messen. Det er pedagogisk korrekt å undervise de troende om (de få) forandringene som kommer i messen som gjelder dem, men vel litt overdrevet. Ellers ser programmet ut til å fokusere bare på de få prestene som er rasende på den nye oversettelsen. Det må man absolutt kunne kalle ubalansert og ensidig. (Se forøvridg de sjokkerende bildene av kalten som brukes i en messe man viser – gå til 5:20.)

Watch the full episode. See more Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly.

Jeg ble tipset om programmet HER.

Liturgi og bønneliv i 1960 og i dag

Fr. Ray Blake i England har nylig skrevet et interessant innlegg på sin blogg om hvordan messen ble feiret tidligere (og hvordan den korresponderte med folks private bønneliv), hvordan den liturgiske bevegelse og Vatikankonsilet ønsket noen (nokså forsiktige) forandringer i liturgien, og hva resultatet virkelig ble. Det er vanskelig å skrive noe fornuftig om disse tingene om man ikke kjenner liturgien (offentlig og privat) før 1970 ganske grundig (og faktisk kan feire den gamle messen). Ikke mange prester gjør det (og har derfor mindre å bidra med, etter min mening), men det gjør Fr. Blake – og skriver han bl.a.:

… One of the difficuties of the style of worship used at Mass over the last forty years is that it was difficult for many to recognise what happened in Church with what they do at home when they prayed. This dychotomy alone I suspect caused many to lapse. In most parishes Low Mass, with its profound silence, was all that was on offer, in larger parishes High or Sung Mass was usually left to the curates, with the Parish Priest hardly ever saying it. It was Low Mass that formed the spirituality of both priests and people. I don’t believe the VII Fathers intended what we ended up with what we have. They certainly intend some vernacular and I suspect their real intention was some blurring of the distinction of Low and High Mass. Their intention was to open up the treasures of the liturgy and form a liturgical people who participated fully in the liturgical life of the Church, hence the abreviation of the Divine Office.

It is prayerfullness within the the liturgy, not alonside the liturgy seems to be the aim of the Reform of Reform. It was prayerfullnes that marked the Holy Father’s liturgical celebration to Britain, and that prayerfulness was plainly recognisable both by Catholic and non-Catholic commentators in a way that the dancing, hand waving, wordy style of liturgy is not. …

..(Concerning the liturgical movement) … the reforms from Pius X through to Pius XII seem to encourage the non-passive involvement of the faithful. The expectation is that the people are at least singing the Ordinary and dialogues, understanding the texts that are used, so these, not a parallel or personal devotion are the underpinning of the Church’s life. At its best this happens in the Novus Ordo. The problem is it rarely happens. Antiphons are replaced by hymns, what should be sung prayerfully is said in a rather perfunctory way, with little personal prayerful engagement. What should be a prayerful encounter with God is not, and easily slips into a celebration of the community, or worse, the celebrant.

Pope Benedict speaks often about the ars celebrandi, essentially that seems to be about celebrating Mass prayerfully, which at the very least means the priest and other minister being recollected, recognisably prayerful. It is this recollectedness that is so characteristic of the older form of Mass. What I suggest the older form can learn from the newer form is the interaction between sanctuary and nave, which now seems so much part the experience of those who attend both forms, however the older form is always recollected, the newer form is not.

Han illustrerer denne artikkelen med et interessant bilde – fra Østerrike, tror jeg.

Pave Benedikts tale til liturgikonferanse i Roma 6. mai

Først nå er en engelsk oversettelse av pave Benedikts innledningshilsen ved 50-årsjubileet for det Pavelige Liturgiinstituttet i Roma, St. Anselmo. Jeg har funnet oversettelsen her, og tar under med det jeg syns er viktigst – innledning og avslutning er tatt bort, og jeg har uthevet to-tre ting:

…. On the eve of the Council, in fact, the urgent need for reform in the liturgical sector emerged ever more acutely, also postulated by the requests made by various episcopates. Moreover, the strong pastoral demands that motivated the liturgical movement required that a more active participation of the faithful in liturgical celebrations be encouraged and elicited through the use of national languages. Also necessary was an in-depth examination of the subject of the adaptation of the rites in the various cultures and especially in mission lands.

In addition, the need for a more thorough study of the theological foundation of the Liturgy appeared clear from the outset, in order to avoid lapsing into ritualism or fostering subjectivism and to prevent the celebrant from making himself the centre of attention; and to base the reform firmly found within the context of the Revelation and in continuity with the tradition of the Church. …

Dear friends, the title chosen for the Congress of this Jubilee Year is equally significant: “The Pontifical Liturgical Institute, Between Memory and Prophecy”. As regards memory, we must note the abundant fruits generated by the Holy Spirit in half a century of history and let us thank the Giver of all good for this, despite the misunderstandings and errors in the practical implementation of the reform. …

To the “memory” belongs the very life of the Pontifical Liturgical Institute, which has made its contribution to the Church committed to the reception of the Second Vatican Council, through 50 years of academic liturgical formation. Formation offered in the light of the celebration of the holy mysteries, of comparative liturgy, of the word of God, of liturgical sources, of the Magisterium, of the history of ecumenical requests and of a solid anthropology.

Thanks to this important formative work, a large number of those with degrees and licences now offer their service to the Church in various parts of the world, helping the Holy People of God to live the Liturgy as an expression of the Church in prayer, as a presence of Christ among people and as a constitutive feature of the history of salvation.

In fact, the conciliar Document sheds a clear light on the dual theological and ecclesiological character of the Liturgy. The celebration at the same time brings about an epiphany of the Lord and an epiphany of the Church, two dimensions that unite in the liturgical assembly, where Christ actualizes the Pascal Mystery of death and Resurrection and the people of the baptized draw more abundantly from the sources of salvation. The active presence of Christ subsists in the liturgical action of the Church: what he did as he went about among human beings, he continues to make active through his personal sacramental action whose centre is the Eucharist.

With the term “prophecy”, our gaze opens to new horizons. The Liturgy of the Church goes beyond the “conciliar reform” itself (cf. Sacrosanctum Concilium, n. 1), whose aim, in fact, was not primarily to change the rites and the texts, but rather to renew mentalities and to put at the centre of Christian life and ministry the celebration of the Paschal Mystery of Christ.

Unfortunately, perhaps, we too, Pastors and experts, understood the Liturgy as an object to be reformed rather than a subject capable of renewing Christian life, since “A very close and organic bond exists between the renewal of the Liturgy and the renewal of the whole life of the Church. The Church not only acts but also expresses herself in the Liturgy and draws from the Liturgy the strength for her life”. …

The Liturgy, the summit toward which the activity of the Church is directed is at the same time the fount from which all her power flows (cf. Sacrosanctum Concilium, n. 10), with its celebratory universe thus becomes the great educator in the primacy of the faith and of grace. The Liturgy, a privileged witness of the living Tradition of the Church, faithful to its original duty to reveal and to make present in the hodie of human vicissitudes the opus Redemptionis, lives on a correct and constant relationship between healthy traditio and legitima progressio, which the conciliar Constitution has made lucidly explicit in n. 23.

In their programme of reform, the Council Fathers wished to maintain an equilibrium between both terms, a balance between the great liturgical tradition of the past and that of the future. Tradition and progress are often clumsily opposed. Actually, the two concepts merge: tradition is a living reality, which therefore includes in itself the principle of development, of progress. It is as if to say that the river of tradition also carries its source in itself and flows towards the outlet. …

En ny katolsk messe, midt mellom den «nye» og den «gamle»?

William Oddie i the Catholic Herald skrev fredag om de ulike reportene som forteller at pave benedikts liturgireform vil fortsette:

… what seems to me a potentially wondrous proposed advance. But will it happen? There is a danger that what amounts to an entirely new proposal of a fresh liturgical development, going beyond both the Ordinary and the Extraordinary forms of the Mass to something possibly better than either, will sink without trace: so here’s my two penn’orth towards getting it noticed and talked about, and I hope acted on. …

The fact is that both existing forms, as at present celebrated, lack something. Much has been alleged and lengthily spelled out about the defects of the Novus Ordo, so I say nothing about them here. But the Old Rite (I intend to call it that in future: “Extraordinary Form” sounds like a physical defect of some sort) also presents its difficulties, if for no other reason than that it has become so unfamiliar to many if not most people. I have always thought it nonsensical and wrong that the Old Rite should be banned in the aftermath of Vatican II; the liberalisation of its use following Summorum Pontificum was long overdue. But the great and undoubted riches of the Old Rite, it has seemed to me since I recently began to attend it on Sundays, are impeded from re-entering the mainstream of the Church’s liturgical life by an almost insuperable barrier. It’s very difficult indeed for anyone not actually brought up with it (and that’s a large and growing proportion of congregations these days) to find out what is actually going on, except at certain key points when bells, the elevations and so on, indicate it unmistakeably. ,,,

Så fortsetter Oddie å skrive (og kommentarene etter hans innlegg handler mye om det) om hvor vanskelig tilgjengelig den gamle messen er – når man ikke har opplevd den så mange ganger, i alle fall. Jeg har tenkt på dette en del de siste par dagene, og tenker også på det nå – når jeg er på vei for å feire den tradisjonelle latinske messen i St Joseph kirke: Er denne messen for vanskelig tilgjengelig, hvilke små grep kan vi gjøre for at det skal bli lettere etc. ?

Den gamle messen er her «for å bli»

«The Pope has made clear the older rite is here to stay» skriver dr. Alcuin Reid (alle som kjenner til ham, vet at han har støttet den tradisjonelle liturgien lenge og grundig) i en artikkel i the Catholic Herald. Han starter artikkelen slik:

It may seem rather odd that Pope Benedict XVI has expended so much energy on rules about the use of the old “Latin Mass” – after all, it would appear that most Catholics are content with the modern liturgy in the vernacular. Why, then, yet another set of rules from Rome in this Instruction?

The answer is found in the fact that, as the Instruction insists, the older rites are a “precious treasure to be preserved,” and that the Holy Father wants to offer this treasure “to all the faithful”, not as a quaint museum piece but as a living source of life and grace for the whole Church of today and into the future. All laity, clergy and religious should have access to its diverse riches.

These latest rules envisage the inclusion of recent saints and some new texts in the older liturgy. They even foresee new editions of the missal and other liturgical books of the older rites: the older liturgy will continue to exist and develop as it has over the centuries up until the Second Vatican Council. But it cannot, however, now have certain modern practices (altar girls, extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion, etc) imposed on it. Its integrity is guaranteed.

Of course, there are historical realities behind this Instruction and the 2007 Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum which it clarifies. In the first place there is the controversy over the liturgical changes that followed the Council. Were they a legitimate development or did they involve a rupture with tradition? Neither of these documents settles that question, but the Instruction does, significantly, speak of the development of the Missale Romanum “until the time of Blessed Pope John XXIII” and of the “new Missal” approved for the Church in 1970 by Paul VI. ….

«Liturgien må igjen fokusere på Gud»

Dette sa kardinal Raymond Burke onsdag 11. mai i et foredarg på «the Dominican House of Studies» i Washington D.C. Hele foredraget kan sees i videoen (lenger nede), og i en oppsummering av foredraget (her) leser vi bl.a.:

Cardinal Burke says liturgy must shift focus away from self and back to God

Cardinal Raymond L. Burke delivered a lecture on what he calls a nearly 50-year trend of self-centered liturgy last week at the Thomistic Institute in Washington, D.C.

“In the time since the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, but certainly not because of the teaching of the council, there has been exaggerated attention on the human aspect of the sacred liturgy,” said the high ranking Vatican official in his May 11 address.

Cardinal Burke acknowledged upfront that the topic could seem redundant because the liturgy is, by its very essence, God-given and God-directed.

“Is not the Church by its very nature divine? That is, called into being and sustained in being by God, and therefore centered in God. Are not the Church herself and her worship by definition directed toward God?” he asked.

But, the American cardinal said, in the last 50 years undue attention has been given to the “human aspect of the sacred liturgy, which has overlooked the essence of the sacred liturgy as the encounter of God with us by means of sacramental signs. That is, as the direct action of the glorious Christ in the Church, to give to us the grace of the Holy Spirit.”

The over-emphasis on the human dimension, said Cardinal Burke, has raised the need to discuss this important topic. Cardinal Burke drew on Old and New Testament scripture passages to demonstrate that God is the first and last object of worship in liturgy. …

Se og hør hele foredraget i videoen under:

Cardinal Raymond Leo Burke from Province of Saint Joseph on Vimeo.

Pave Benedikts reform av liturgireformen har såvidt begynt

Teksten under (utdrag fra CNS) er en oppsummering av kardinal Kurt Kochs (som er Vatikanets nye økumenikk-leder) foredrag under liturgikonferansen på *Angelicum* i Roma sist lørdag – den er også blitt trykket i L’Osservatore Romano.

Pope Benedict XVI’s easing of restrictions on use of the 1962 Roman Missal, known as the Tridentine rite, is just the first step in a «reform of the reform» in liturgy, … The pope’s long-term aim is not simply to allow the old and new rites to coexist, but to move toward a «common rite» that is shaped by the mutual enrichment of the two Mass forms …

In effect, the pope is launching a new liturgical reform movement, the cardinal said. Those who resist it, including «rigid» progressives, mistakenly view the Second Vatican Council as a rupture with the church’s liturgical tradition, he said. …

Cardinal Koch said Pope Benedict thinks the post-Vatican II liturgical changes have brought «many positive fruits» but also problems, including a focus on purely practical matters and a neglect of the paschal mystery in the Eucharistic celebration. The cardinal said it was legitimate to ask whether liturgical innovators had intentionally gone beyond the council’s stated intentions.

He said this explains why Pope Benedict has introduced a new reform movement, beginning with «Summorum Pontificum.» The aim, he said, is to revisit Vatican II’s teachings in liturgy and strengthen certain elements, including the Christological and sacrificial dimensions of the Mass.

Cardinal Koch said «Summorum Pontificum» is «only the beginning of this new liturgical movement.» «In fact, Pope Benedict knows well that, in the long term, we cannot stop at a coexistence between the ordinary form and the extraordinary form of the Roman rite, but that in the future the church naturally will once again need a common rite,» he said.

«However, because a new liturgical reform cannot be decided theoretically, but requires a process of growth and purification, the pope for the moment is underlining above all that the two forms of the Roman rite can and should enrich each other,» he said.

Cardinal Koch said those who oppose this new reform movement and see it as a step back from Vatican II lack a proper understanding of the post-Vatican II liturgical changes. As the pope has emphasized, Vatican II was not a break or rupture with tradition but part of an organic process of growth, he said.

Messen i Peterskirken søndag

Her er et kort opptak (6:15) med highlights fra den tradisjonelle messen i Peterskirken søndag morgen – som sikkert varte to timer.

Hva mange mennesker husker om den tradisjonelle messen

«Mitt inntrykk er at de fleste var glade for at den gamle messen forsvant; prestene ble kvitt redselen for å gjøre feil, og de mange kompliserte ritualene – og folk flest likte også det nye mye bedre enn det gamle.» Dette fortalte en prestekollega meg for ikke så lenge siden. Og jeg hadde hørt det samme selv. Det virker som det bare er slike minner igjen fra 60-tallet; ganske ensidige overflatiske, mens det er få som virkelig vet hva Kirken gjorde før 1965. Jeg svarte ham slik i en e-post:

Interessant det du sa om den gamle messen i dag, og jeg hadde hørt akkurat det samme som deg, og trodde det fullt ut, inntil for fire-fem år siden: At det var en helt nødvdendig opprydning som ble foretatt – mens de ortodokse hadde beholdt alle sine dubletter, unødvendig gester, korstegn etc. Men da jeg begynte å se grundigere på det, begynte jeg å se spor av den samme tendensen til å ødelegge alt gammelt som man gjorde mht arkitektur o.l. – i Norge aller tydeligst på 70-tallet. Det bildet er også en overdrivelse – som det første – men jeg syns i alle fall nå at mye av det man gjorde under liturgireformen var lite vellykket.

Å snu alterne er f.eks. en misforståelse (etter min mening) av hva den tidligste kirken hadde gjort – og det skjedde over alt, selv om det egentlig ikke var bestemt av noen dokumenter. Og akkurat det berører hovedpunktet for hva jeg syns er problematisk med hvordan messen i dag feires flere steder; at messen ikke lenger tydelig er et offer som bæres fram for Gud. Den blir for ensidig et menneskelig fellesskap; kommunionen er selvsagt et måltid, men det betyr ikke at hele messen er det.

I tillegg til den offisielle liturgireformen fikk man dessuten også flere negative ting som skjedde (spontant eller ved press fra folket/prester/biskoper – der Vatikanet til slutt ga etter); bl.a. at man ikke lenger skulle knele når man mottok kommunion, og ikke måtte ta imot hostien direkte på tungen.

Noen steder var det godt med en viss forenkling, f.eks. i den tradisjonelle dåpsliturgien, der jeg syns det blir litt vel mange renselser og eksorsismer og bønner – jeg mister litt oversikten. Men man forandret dåpsliturgien veldig mye mer enn det som var nødvendig, og det var nok delvis teologiske grunner til at man tok bort de aller fleste eksorsismene.

En tradisjonell vielse er også forskjellig fra den moderne, mest ved at selve vielsen skjer helt først, før brudemessen begynner. (Det kunne man se rester av i prinsebryllupet i England nylig.) Her var det et prinsipp (som man kan se flere steder); at alt skulle integreres i messen – bl.a. åpningen med vievann i søndagens høymesse. Om det er et vellykket prinsipp, kan man så diskutere.

Du nevnte at du heller hadde ventet at pave Benedikt skulle reformere den nye messen, heller enn å gjenåpne for den gamle – og du spurte om den gamle messen egentlig blir brukt særlig mye. I tall er det en forsvinnende liten prosent katolikker som regelmessig deltar i den gamle messen, prosenttallet for prester og seminarister er nok en del høyere. Jeg tror likevel ikke dette var det viktigste for paven; han ønsker helst (tror jeg) at den gamle messen skal påvirke måten alle katolske messer feires på. Og en generell justering av den nye messen vil da komme når tiden er moden.

Konferansen om den tradisjonelle messen i Roma – svært vellykket

Jeg har hatt en lang arbeidsdag i dag (søndag) og må få lome tilbake senere med en grundigere dekning av konferansen om den tradisjonelle messen i Roma – fredag, lørdag og søndag. Så langt jeg forstår var konferansen svært vellykket, med svært godt frammøte. Under ser dere tre bilder fra messen i dag tidlig; ved «alteret ved stolen» – første pontifikale høymesse (ved kardinal Brandmüller) i Peterskirken på nesten 50 år. John Sonnen har mange flere bidler fra messen og konferansen



Dokumentet «Universæ Ecclesiæ» – om den tradisjonelle messen – kommer fredag kl 12

Om man kan lese den ganske lette italiensken under, ser man at instruksjonen om hvordan pave Benedikts dokument «Summorum pontificum» fra 2007 om den tradisjonelle messen skal forstås/tolkes endelig kommer. Journalistene får dokumentet litt i forkant, men det skal ikke frigis før kl 12.00 fredag 13. mai. Det trykkes samme ettermiddag i L’Osservatore Romano, som er datert lørdag 14. mai. Fra Vatikanets informasjonstjeneste:

Venerdì 13 maggio 2011 verrà resa nota dalla Sala Stampa l’Istruzione Universae Ecclesiae della Pontificia Commissione Ecclesia Dei sull’applicazione della Lettera Apostolica Motu Proprio data «Summorum Pontificum» di S.S. Benedetto XVI. L’Istruzione sarà pubblicata sull’edizione pomeridiana dell’Osservatore Romano, con data 14 maggio.

Il testo dell’Istruzione – in lingua latina, italiana, francese, inglese, tedesca, spagnola e portoghese, sarà a disposizione dei giornalisti accreditati a partire dalle ore 10 di venerdì 13 maggio, con embargo fino alle ore 12. Con il testo dell’Istruzione verrà fornita anche una Nota redazionale.

Father Z skriver selvsagt om dette, og da han hadde en gjettekonkurranse om når dokumentet ville komme ut for noen få dager siden, kan jeg skryte av at jeg tippet lørdag 14. mai. Jeg tippet lørdag av to grunner (mens over halvparten trodde det ville ta mer en to uker til); 1) i begynnelsen av april ble det sagt at dokumentet ville komme litt etter påske, 2) jeg syntes det var naturlig å knytte det til den store konferansen i Roma om den tradisjonelle messen denne helga (se her).

Skroll til toppen